Potter’s funnelweb spider

not listed

NNR - Unranked

not listed

Potter’s funnelweb spider is a medium-sized, sedentary spider. It is native to and occurs across North America from Nova Scotia to Virginia west to southern British Columbia and Colorado. It has also been introduced to the Ukraine and Kyrgyzstan. It is found in areas with grass, shrubs, rocks, or buildings. It builds its web on lawns, in taller grasses, on low shrubs, on stone fences, in corners of buildings, and in basements.

The female is ⅜″ to 9⁄16″ (9 to 14 mm) in length not including the legs. The male is a little smaller, 5⁄16″ to ½″ (8 to 13 mm) in length.

The hardened plate (carapace) covering the front part of the body (cephalothorax) is longer than wide. The rear portion (thoracic region) is large, about as long as wide, and broadly rounded. The front portion (head region) is small, straight-sided, and narrow, about half as wide as the thoracic region. The carapace is yellowish to light brown. A pair of broad dark bands extends from the eye region to the rear margin. There is also a thin dark line on the lateral margins.

The face is vertical. The finger-like sensory mouthparts (palps) on the male are relatively very large. The jaw-like mouthparts (chelicerae) are reddish-brown, stout, and vertical. There is a fang at the end of each chelicera. The fang rests in a groove. The fang groove has three teeth on the front margin and three teeth on the hind margin. On the male, the leaf-like extension (embolus) at the tip of the genital bulb is hooked. There are eight eyes arranged in two rows of four eyes each. Both rows are strongly curved and close together, so that the anterior median eyes (AMEs) and the posterior lateral eyes (PLEs) form almost a straight line. The eyes are slightly unequal in size. The AMEs are the largest and the posterior median eyes (PMEs) are the smallest.

The abdomen is yellowish-gray to reddish-brown above, with a broad pale median stripe and a broad pale stripe on each side. The central plate on the underside (sternum) is yellow to brown and has a distinct, very dark, V-shaped mark. Like other funnel-web spiders, the spinnerets extend well beyond the end of the abdomen and are visible from above. The abdomen is usually large, broad, and thickest in the middle on the female, smaller, narrow, and thickest closer to the base on the male. It is pointed at the rear on both sexes.

The legs are long, thin, and spiny. Like other grass spiders, they have dark and light bands, but on this species the bands are less distinct. The second segment (trochanter) is not notched. The last segment (tarsus) has three claws at the tip, but these may not be visible without magnification. There is no tuft of hairs (scopula pads) at the end of the tarsus.

Female Body Length: ⅜″ to 9⁄16″ (9 to 14 mm)

Male Body Length: 5⁄16″ to ½″ (8 to 13 mm)

The web is a flat sheet with a funnel on one side and a barrier above. The threads are not sticky. The sheet is horizontal or nearly horizontal and slightly concave. The funnel is small and serves as a retreat. It is open at the lower end allowing the spider to escape if disturbed. The barrier is three-dimensional. When a flying insect hits the barrier it drops to the sheet and its feet become entangled in the threads. The spider, which had been waiting in the retreat, rushes out, bites the insect to subdue it, and drags it back to the retreat to consume it.

Webs are built on lawns, in taller grasses, on low shrubs, on stone fences, in corners of buildings, and in basements. The web starts small and thin but is expanded as the season progresses. Each time the spider passes over the web it leaves a drag line, making the sheet thicker. Webs built in grass are most noticeable in the morning when they collect dew. Webs built in protected areas of buildings may last for years.

Grassy areas, lawns, low shrubs, stone fences, and buildings.

When the spider feels a vibration on the web it rushes out to the source and, if it is prey, bites it. It is very fast, sometimes described as “lightning-quick”.

In the late summer or fall the female lays eggs, encloses in a silken sac, and conceals it near the web. The sac overwinters and the eggs hatch in the spring. Adults do not survive the winter.

Sources

24, 29, 30, 82.

Webs

Location: Isle, Mille Lacs County

Webs

Location: Woodbury, Minnesota

Location: Woodbury, Minnesota

Location: Woodbury, Minnesota

Location: Woodbury, Minnesota