redroot amaranth

(Amaranthus retroflexus)

Conservation Status
redroot amaranth
 
  IUCN Red List

not listed

     
  NatureServe

NNR - Unranked

SNA - Not applicable

     
  Minnesota

not listed

     
           
Wetland Indicator Status
     
  Great Plains

FACU - Facultative upland

     
  Midwest

FACU - Facultative upland

     
  Northcentral & Northeast

FACU - Facultative upland

     
           
 
Description
 
 

Redroot amaranth is a 8 to 60 tall, erect, annual forb that rises from a shallow, fleshy, often reddish taproot.

The stems are erect, stout, light green, reddish near the base, and usually branched above the middle. They are densely to moderately covered with short, soft hairs. They do not have spines at the nodes.

The leaves are alternate, egg-shaped to diamond-shaped, ¾ to 6 long, and to 2¾ wide. They are on leaf stalks that are half as long to as long as the blade. The leaf blades are tapered or narrowed at the base. They usually taper to a point at the tip with straight sides along the tip. Sometimes there is a small notch at the tip with a short, sharp, abrupt point in the notch. The upper surface is hairless or slightly hairy. The lower surface is hairy along the veins. The margins are untoothed and flat or slightly wavy.

The inflorescence is a 2 to 8 long, dense, green, branched, elongated cluster (panicle) of numerous spikes at the end of the stem and branches, as well as smaller panicles or solitary spikes rising from the upper leaf axils.

Male and female flowers are produced on the same plant. Female flowers have 5 white, petal-like sepals, no petals, and 3 stigmas. Male flowers have 5 white, petal-like sepals, no petals, and 4 or 5 stamens. The sepals are rounded at the tip. Each flower is subtended by one or more bracts that are sharply pointed and longer than the sepals. The pointed bracts give the inflorescence as bristly appearance.

The fruit is an egg-shaped to elliptic, 1 16 to long, membranous bladder (utricle) with a single seed.

 
     
 

Height

 
 

8 to 60

 
     
 

Flower Color

 
 

Green to yellow

 
     
 

Similar Species

 
 

Green amaranth (Amaranthus hybridus) is a mostly hairless plant. The sepals are sharply pointed at the tip.

 
     
 
Habitat
 
 

Cultivated fields, pastures, yards, fencerows, roadside ditches, disturbed sites.

 
     
 
Ecology
 
 

Flowering

 
 

July to September

 
     
 

Pests and Diseases

 
 

 

 
     
 
Use
 
 

 

 
     
 
Distribution
 
 

Distribution Map

 

Sources

2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 22, 28, 29, 30.

 
  4/29/2023      
         
 

Nativity

 
 

Native

 
         
 

Occurrence

 
 

Common

 
         
 
Taxonomy
 
  Kingdom Plantae (green algae and land plants)  
  Subkingdom Viridiplantae (green plants)  
  Infrakingdom Streptophyta (land plants and green algae)  
  Superdivision Embryophyta (land plants)  
  Division Tracheophyta (vascular plants)  
  Subdivision Spermatophytina (seed plants)  
  Class Magnoliopsida (flowering plants)  
  Superorder Caryophyllanae  
 

Order

Caryophyllales (pinks, cactuses, and allies)  
 

Family

Amaranthaceae (amaranths)  
  Subfamily Amaranthoideae  
 

Genus

Amaranthus (amaranths)  
 

Subgenus

Amaranthus  
       
 

Subordinate Taxa

 
 

 

 
       
 

Synonyms

 
 

Amaranthus retroflexus var. salicifolius

 
       
 

Common Names

 
 

careless weed

common amaranth

pigweed

redroot

red root amaranth

red-root amaranth

redroot amaranth

redroot pigweed

rough amaranth

rough pigweed

wild-beet amaranth

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Glossary

Bract

Modified leaf at the base of a flower stalk, flower cluster, or inflorescence.

 

Panicle

A pyramidal inflorescence with a main stem and branches. Flowers on the lower, longer branches mature earlier than those on the shorter, upper ones.

 

Sepal

An outer floral leaf, usually green but sometimes colored, at the base of a flower.

 

Utricle

A small, dry, inflated, thin-walled, bladder-like fruit containing one seed.

 
 
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Plant

 
    redroot amaranth   redroot amaranth  
           
    redroot amaranth      
           
 

Inflorescence

 
    redroot amaranth   redroot amaranth  
           
 

Leaves

 
    redroot amaranth   redroot amaranth  
           
    redroot amaranth      

 

Camera

     
 
Slideshows
 
  Amaranthus retroflexus
Matt Lavin
 
  Amaranthus retroflexus  
 
About

Native annual monoecious herb, with erect stems up to 1 m tall, fruit an circumcissle utricle (i.e., with a lid that pops off at maturity), in highly disturbed settings including crop fields, gardens, sides of roads and trails, in pastures, and around manure piles (the ecological setting for all Amaranthus species).

 
  Pigweed/Amaranth ID in Ohio
Ohio State University Weed Science
 
   
 
About

Published on Mar 5, 2013

How to Identify various pigweed / amaranth species in Ohio Including redroot and smooth pigweed, palmer and powell amaranth, and common and tall waterhemp

 

 

slideshow

       
 
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Other Videos
 
  Amaranthus retroflexus
Novenyismeret
 
   
 
About

Uploaded on Oct 8, 2008

Amaranthus retroflexus
(Corvinus beszámoló)

   
  Environmental Laboratory - U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Environmental Laboratory USACE
 
   
 
About

Published on Feb 15, 2013

Amaranthus retroflexus - Redroot Pigweed

   
  Weed of the Week #799 - Redroot Pigweed (Air Date 7/28/13)
AgPhD's channel
 
   
 
About

Published on Aug 5, 2013

It's our Weed of the Week, Redroot Pigweed.

   
  Amaranth And Lamb's Quarters - Edible Goosefoot Family Plant Identification
MiWilderness
 
   
 
About

Published on Sep 21, 2012

Please like, share, comment and subscribe. Thanks for the views, comments and support. Amaranth Harvest and Prep: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nR_X1q...

More useful plants: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bNt0JC...

This video shows how to identify Amaranthus retroflexus and Chenopodium album, two edible and abundant members of the Goosefoot family, Chenopodiaceae.

Also shown are Common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.) and Curly dock (Rumex crispus). for comparison, both of which may potentially be mistaken for pigweed as impostors or look-a-likes, especially by a novice forager.

Amaranthus retroflexus is also known as Green amaranth, redroot pigweed and goes by many other common names.

Chenopodium album is also known as Goosefoot, Pigweed, Wild spinach or Lamb's quarters. It likely has other common names as well.

There are many varieties of pigweed. Depending on your geographic location, pigweed species may be different. The two above Goosefoot's are found throughout North America and are both extremely abundant.

The goosefoot family contains a variety of plants that serve as food, medicine and are used for utility purposes such as making soap and natural dyes. Some Goosefoot family plants are cultivated for both food and as ornamental plants in the flower garden and landscaping.

A few common and perhaps more familiar Goosefoot family plants grown in the garden are Spinach, chard and beets. Following garden varieties through the seasons may allow one to familiarize their self with Goosefoot familiy plant characteristics and patterns of growth.

Tags: goosefoot family Chenopodiaceae Chenopodium album lamb's quarters pigweed wild spinach natural dye soap making Amaranthus retroflexus seeds grain pseudo-cereal "redroot pigweed" green amaranth spinach chard beets impostor look-a-like Common ragweed Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. Curly dock Rumex crispus "garden harvest" MiWilderness Michigan garden hunt gather forage edible mushroom spore print plant identification how to DIY prepper acorn tannin prepared survival skills bushcraft food preservation cooking pressure canner basics pickle fish gun safety sharpen knife strop ax kit gear review field test outdoor sports camp hike bike canoe tarp tent primitive technology botany naturalist organic herbal remedy folk medicine living history permaculture wildcraft home canning guide homegrown homemade maple syrup evaporator buckskin moccasin wood carving

   

 

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