Marijuana
(Cannabis sativa ssp. sativa)
Conservation • Weed • Description • Habitat • Ecology • Use • Distribution • Taxonomy
Conservation Status |
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| IUCN Red List | not listed |
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| NatureServe | NNA - Not applicable SNA - Not applicable |
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| Minnesota | not listed |
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Weed Status |
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Prohibited Weed Seed County Noxious Weed in Koochiching, Murray, and Waseca Counties |
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Description |
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Marijuana is an erect, annual forb that rises from a long, branched taproot. It can be 8″ to 108″ tall, but is usually 48″ to 72″ in height. The stems are erect, light green, stiff, angled, and unbranched or little branched. New stem growth is more or less hairy with appressed, ascending hairs, becoming hairless as it matures. Lower and middle stem leaves are opposite, upper leaves are usually alternate. They are on ¾″ to 2¾″ long leaf stalks. They are palmately divided into usually 5, 7, or 9, sometimes 3 or 11 leaflets. The leaflets are linear to narrowly lance-shaped, 1 3 ⁄16″ to 5⅞″ long, ⅛″ to ¾″ wide, tapered at the base, and tapered to a sharp point at the tip. The upper surface is dark green and is sparsely covered with bulbous-based hairs. The lower surface is pale or whitish green and is moderately to densely covered with appressed hairs and scattered, yellowish-brown, resinous gland dots. The margins are coarsely and sharply toothed. Staminate (male) and pistillate (female) flowers are borne on separate plants. Staminate plants tend to be taller, less robust, and die soon after flowering. Pistillate are much leafier and persist until late fall. The male inflorescence is short, branched clusters (panicles) at the end of the stem and rising from the upper leaf axils. The panicles have small clusters of flowers on nearly leafless branches. The male flower is about ⅛″ across. It has 5 lance- to egg-shaped sepals, 5 stamens with large anthers, and no petals. The female inflorescence is small clusters of flowers on short, leafy spikes rising from the upper leaf axils. The female flower is about ⅛″ long. It has a single stamen, a branched style, and no petals. The fruit is a 1 ⁄16″ in diameter, nearly spherical achene. It is yellow to greenish brown and is mottled with purple. |
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Height |
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48″ to 72″ |
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Flower Color |
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Green |
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Similar Species |
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Habitat |
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Fence rows, pastures, disturbed sites |
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Ecology |
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Flowering |
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June to October |
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Pests and Diseases |
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Use |
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Distribution |
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Sources |
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| 5/9/2023 | ||||
Nativity |
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Native to south-central Asia. Introduced, widely cultivated, and widely naturalized. |
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Occurrence |
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Taxonomy |
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| Kingdom | Plantae (Plants) | ||
| Subkingdom | Pteridobiotina | ||
| Phylum | Tracheophyta (Vascular Plants) | ||
| Class | Magnoliopsida (Dicots) | ||
Order |
Rosales (Roses, Elms, Figs, and Allies) | ||
Family |
Cannabaceae (Hackberry) | ||
Genus |
Cannabis (Cannabis) | ||
| Species | Cannabis sativa (Cannabis) | ||
Subordinate Taxa |
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Synonyms |
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Cannabis americana Cannabis chinensis Cannabis culta Cannabis erratica Cannabis foetens Cannabis generalis Cannabis gigantea Cannabis lupulus Cannabis macrosperma Cannabis pedemontana Cannabis sativa ssp. culta Cannabis sativa var. chinensis Cannabis sativa var. gigantea Cannabis sativa var. macrosperma Cannabis sativa var. monoica Cannabis sativa var. praecox Cannabis sativa var. vulgaris |
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Common Names |
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hemp marijuana native hemp sativa marijuana |
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Glossary
Achene
A dry, one-chambered, single-seeded seed capsule, formed from a single carpel, with the seed attached to the membranous outer layer (wall) only by the seed stalk; the wall, formed entirely from the wall of the superior ovary, does not split open at maturity, but relies on decay or predation to release the contents.
Linear
Long, straight, and narrow, with more or less parallel sides, like a blade of grass.
Palmate
Similar to a hand. Having more than three lobes or leaflets that radiate from a single point at the base of the leaf.
Panicle
A pyramidal inflorescence with a main stem and branches. Flowers on the lower, longer branches mature earlier than those on the shorter, upper ones.
Sepal
An outer floral leaf, usually green but sometimes colored, surrounding the flower bud, and persisting at the base of the flower.
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