sphinx moths

(Family Sphingidae)

Overview

Sphingidae is a moderate-sized family of moths. The common name for the family is “sphinx moths,” but the family also includes hawk moths and hummingbird moths. The names “hawk moth” and “sphinx moth” are used interchangeably to refer to the same group of moths within this family.

Sphinx moths occur worldwide on every continent except Antarctica, in every state in the United States, in every province in Canada, and in every county in Minnesota. There are 1,599 Sphingidae species in 208 genera in 3 subfamilies worldwide, 124 species in 44 genera in 3 subfamilies in North America north of Mexico, and at least 43 species in at least 22 genera in 3 subfamilies in Minnesota.

 
sphinx moth (Family Sphingidae)
Photo by Dan W. Andree
 

Sphinx moths are strong, agile, fast fliers with very rapid wingbeats. Most species hover before large, deep-throated flowers, taking nectar with their long proboscis. This behavior is the source of the common name hummingbird-moths.

Most sphinx species are crepuscular, active at dusk or dawn. This twilight activity may allow them to avoid predators active during the day or night, and it often coincides with the opening and nectar release of specific flower species. Some species are exclusively diurnal, active during the day, and some are strictly nocturnal, active at night. Many species are both crepuscular and nocturnal. The different activity periods among sphinx moths likely reflect adaptations to various ecological niches, potentially reducing competition for resources.

The caterpillars, known as hornworms, are voracious feeders, often specializing on the leaves of particular host plants. They feed both during the day and at night. Their rapid consumption allows for quick growth through several molting stages. Some species are agricultural pests, causing serious damage to crops, including tobacco, potato, and tomato. Most species pupate on the ground.

Description

Adults are medium sized to very large, with wingspans ranging from 1 to 6 (28 to 175 mm). The body is robust.

The head is large. There are two compound eyes and no simple eyes (ocelli). On some species, the mouthparts are modified into a long straw-like structure (proboscis). The proboscis varies in length, but in some species it is several times the length of the body. When not in use it is coiled up beneath the moth's head. When feeding, the moth uncoils it and uses it to sip nectar. The antennae on most species are thread-like but thickened. On some species they are feather-like (plumose), with branches on both sides (bipectinate).

The thorax and abdomen are densely covered with hair-like scales. On most species there is a prominent tuft of short erect scales at the rear of the thorax and a similar tuft at the front of the abdomen.

The wings are narrow. The forewings are more than twice as long as wide but less than four times as long as wide.

The legs are long and stout, and they are usually armed with spines.

Distribution

Distribution Map

 

Sources

4, 7, 21, 24, 27, 29, 30, 71, 82, 83.

5/3/2025    
Taxonomy

Order

Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths)

Superfamily

Bombycoidea (hawk, sphinx, silk, emperor, and allied moths)

   

Subordinate Taxa

Subfamily Macroglossinae

Subfamily Smerinthinae

Subfamily Sphinginae

   

Synonyms

 

   

Common Names

hawk moths

hornworms (caterpillars)

sphinx moths

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Glossary

Ocellus

Simple eye; an eye with a single lens. Plural: ocelli.

 

Plumose

Feathery; having fine, pinnately arranged, lateral bristles or hairs arranged on both sides of an axis.

 

Proboscis

The tube-like protruding mouthpart(s) of a sucking insect.

 

 

 

 

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Dan W. Andree

sphinx moth (Family Sphingidae)

I think a Moth Chrysalis...

I noticed this brown object on top of the ground while out at Frenchman’s Bluff SNA. I think it may be some kind of moth chrysalis, but not sure.

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Dan W. Andree
4/25/2025

Location: Frenchman’s Bluff SNA

I noticed this brown object on top of the ground while out at Frenchman’s Bluff SNA. I think it may be some kind of moth chrysalis, but not sure.

sphinx moth (Family Sphingidae)
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Created: 5/3/2025

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