pitted mason wasp

Pitted mason wasp is a common, small, solitary wasp. It occurs across the United States and southern Canada, where it is common east of the Great Plains, uncommon in the west. It is the most common Euodynerus species in the east except at northern localities, and the most common Euodynerus species collected in bee blocks by the Minnesota Bee Atlas.

Adults are black with yellow markings. The front part of the body (mesosoma) is connected to the rear part (metasoma) by a narrow waist that is not elongated petiole-like. Wasp size is often given in terms of the length of the forewing. The female forewing length is ¼″ to 7⁄16″ (7.0 to 10.5 mm), the male forewing length is ¼″ to ⅜″ (6 to 9 mm).

On the female the head is black. There are two large compound eyes, one on each side of the head, and three small simple eyes (ocelli) in a triangle at the top of the head between the compound eyes. The inner margin of each compound eye is deeply notched. The antennae are thread-like and have 12 segments, including a long first segment (scape) at the base, a short second segment (pedicel), and a whip-like section (flagellum) with 10 segments (flagellomeres). The scape is black above, bright yellow below. The first flagellomere is at least 1.3 times as long as the second. The last flagellomere is not hooked at the tip. The plate on the face (clypeus) is strongly convex on the lower margin. It is black with a yellow crescent-shaped band on the upper margin that is sometimes broken into two narrowly separated spots. The cheeks (genae) narrow toward the bottom, tapering nearly to a point. The jaws (mandibles) are long and knife-like. The upperside of each mandible is yellow near the base. There is a yellow spot between the antennae bases and a small yellow spot behind each compound eye.

The thorax is black and has three segments, the prothorax, mesothorax, and metathorax. However, the first segment of the abdomen (propodeum) is fused to the thorax, giving the thorax the appearance of having four segments. The upper plate on the prothorax (pronotum) is short and collar-like. It has a narrow transverse ridge (carina) on the front margin. It extends rearward on the sides to the plate at the base of each wing (tegula). It appears horseshoe-shaped when viewed from above, triangular when viewed from the side. It is mostly black except for a yellow band on the front margin of the upper surface. The band narrows toward the middle and is narrowly interrupted in the middle. The rear face of the pronotum does not have a pair of pits in the middle. On the mesothorax, the large front plate (scutum) is black with no yellow markings. The scutum has two small projections at the rear corners called parategula, a feature common to all potter or mason wasps (Family Eumeninae). The parategulae are yellow. The smaller rear plate (scutellum) has a pair of rectangular, narrowly separated, yellow spots. The upper surface of the metathorax is entirely black, with no yellow markings. The propodeum has a very prominent transverse ridge (submarginal carina). The valve on the propodeum (propodeal valvula) is fused to the submarginal carina. The tegulae are yellow, and there is a small yellow spot on the side of the thorax below each wing base.

The metasoma has six segments (tergites). The first tergite is wider than long and no more than 1.4 times as long as the second tergite. It does not have a transverse carina. It is black with a yellow band at the rear. The band is narrowly notched in the middle, but it is complete, not interrupted. The second tergite is wider than the first almost as long as the remaining tergites combined. It has a yellow band at the rear. It does not have a small yellow spot on each side. The third through fifth tergites have a complete narrow yellow band at the rear. The sixth tergite is entirely black. Tergites 2 through 4 are coarsely, deeply, and densely pitted (punctate). The rear half of the metanotum is shiny, despite the punctation.

The wings are pale smoky brown with purplish reflections. The forewing has three submarginal cells. The media vein (M) is nearly straight or very slightly angled at the base of the second submarginal cell.

The legs are black and yellow. On each leg the third segment (femur) is mostly black, yellow just at the tip above, and yellow on the outer half below. The fourth segment (tibia) is entirely yellow. The tibia on the middle leg has a single spur at the tip. The last part of each leg (tarsus), corresponding to the foot, has five segments. They are yellow except for the last segment, which is black. There is a pair of claws at the tip of each tarsus. The claws are split (cleft) at the end.

The male is similar but slightly smaller. The antennae have 13 segments. The flagellum is hooked at the tip, and the last flagellomere is stout. The clypeus is entirely yellow. The parategulae are almost always yellow. The rear part of the body has seven visible segments. The sixth tergite also has an uninterrupted yellow band at the rear margin. On the front legs, the femur has erect hairs above and below.

Female forewing length: ¼″ to 7⁄16″ (7.0 to 10.5 mm)

Male forewing length: ¼″ to ⅜″ (6 to 9 mm)

One or two generations per year: early summer to early fall

The wings are folded longitudinally over the body when at rest.

Nests are made in cavities, including hollow twigs, corrugated cardboard, abandoned nests of paper wasps, and in borings in wood, such as in bee blocks. They are provisioned with paralyzed moth caterpillars. The cells are partitioned and closed with mud or with agglutinated sand.

Sources

4, 24, 27, 29, 30, 82, 83.

Minnesota Bee Atlas

Common

Euodynerus foraminatus MASON WASP uses mandibles to dig 3023136
Rob Curtis

Location: Albany, NY

Alfredo Colon
8/17/2022

Location: Albany, NY

Location: Albany, NY

Location: Woodbury, MN