large-flowered trillium
(Trillium grandiflorum)
Conservation • Description • Habitat • Ecology • Use • Distribution • Taxonomy
Conservation Status |
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| IUCN Red List | not listed |
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| NatureServe | N5 - Secure SNR - Unranked |
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| Minnesota | not listed |
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Description |
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Large-flowered trillium is a 8″ to 16″ tall, erect, perennial forb that rises on 1 to many, usually 2 or 3, scapes from a short, stout rhizome. There is no central stem. What appears to be the central stem is actually a slender, hairless, pale green or reddish green scape. There are no above-ground leaves. There is a whorl of 3 leaf-like bracts at the top of the scape. The bracts are hairless, untoothed, diamond-shaped or egg-shaped to almost circular, 4¾″to 8″ long, 3″ to 6″ wide, and stalkless or nearly stalkless. They taper gradually to a narrow point at the base, and taper gradually to a sharp point at the tip with concave sides along the tip. They are medium green and have red tones early in the growing season. The inflorescence is a solitary flower at the end of a ¾″ to 3″ long, erect or ascending stalk. The flower is held above the bracts and faces outward. The flowers are 2″ to 4″ wide. There are 3 sepals, 3 petals, and 6 stamens. The sepals are spreading, lance-shaped, and green, rarely streaked with maroon-purple. The petals are white, turning pinkish-purple with age, and thin. The shape of the petals is variable, from narrowly lance-shaped to broadly egg-shaped to almost circular. The veins on the upper side of the petals are conspicuous but do not appear engraved. The filaments are white and much shorter than the anthers. The anthers are pale pale yellow with dark yellow pollen. There is no floral scent. The fruit is a pale green, globular, mealy, moist but not juicy berry. |
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Height |
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8″ to 16″ |
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Flower Color |
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White |
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Similar Species |
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| When in flower, the large size of the flower petals and bracts distinguish large-flowered trillium from all other trilliums that occur in Minnesota. | ||
Habitat |
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Wet to moderate moisture. Woods. Partial sun to full shade. |
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Ecology |
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Flowering |
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May to June |
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Pests and Diseases |
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Use |
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Distribution |
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Sources |
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| 5/24/2022 | ||||
Nativity |
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Native |
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Occurrence |
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Taxonomy |
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| Kingdom | Plantae (green algae and land plants) | ||
| Subkingdom | Viridiplantae (green plants) | ||
| Infrakingdom | Streptophyta (land plants and green algae) | ||
| Superdivision | Embryophyta (land plants) | ||
| Division | Tracheophyta (vascular plants) | ||
| Subdivision | Spermatophytina (seed plants) | ||
| Class | Liliopsida (monocots) | ||
Order |
Liliales (lilies, supplejacks, and allies) | ||
Family |
Melanthiaceae (bunchflowers) | ||
| Tribe | Parideae | ||
Genus |
Trillium (Trillium) | ||
| Subgenus | Callipetalon | ||
Synonyms |
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Trillium rhomboideum var. grandiflorum |
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Common Names |
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big white trillium great white trillium large-flowered trillium snow trillium white trillium white wake-robin |
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Glossary
Bract
Modified leaf at the base of a flower stalk, flower cluster, or inflorescence.
Rhizome
A horizontal, usually underground stem. It serves as a reproductive structure, producing roots below and shoots above at the nodes.
Scape
An erect, leafless stalk growing from the rootstock and supporting a flower or a flower cluster.
Sepal
An outer floral leaf, usually green but sometimes colored, at the base of a flower.
Visitor Photos |
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Luciearl |
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Nancy Falkum |
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Trillium grandiflorum and ginger |
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Trillium up the hillside to the left of the photo |
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MinnesotaSeasons.com Photos |
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Habitat |
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Slideshows |
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Visitor Videos |
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Other Videos |
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| Trillium grandiflorum, spring ephemeral perennial leMeow1 |
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About
Uploaded on May 9, 2010 May 7th, spring ephemeral perennial, Trillium, an official symbol of the Government of Ontario, Canada. |
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| Trillium grandiflorum with Dan Jaffe newenglandwild |
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About
Published on May 18, 2013 New England Wild Flower Society propagator and stock bed grower, Dan Jaffe, discusses one of his favorite Trillium species for New England Gardens including the natural species as well as two unusual forms. |
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| White trillium, spring explosion, Manitoulin Island, Ontario Andy Fyon |
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About
Published on May 13, 2012 At the north end of Lake Kagawong, Manitoulin Island, the land was covered by an ancient lake. Because lake levels changed dramatically following glaciation, over the last 5000 years, this part of the land now stand high and dry above the present lake. Because of this geological history, the ancient lake deposited very fertile soil. This soil now supports a deciduous forest. The forest floor is covered by millions of large-flowered trillium (Trillium grandiflorum), trout lily (Erythronium americanum), and two varieties of toothwort (Cardamine). |
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| 12 Trillium grandiflorum Séquence 14-Vivaces printanières 1.m4v Jeanfilm2 |
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About
Uploaded on Jan 9, 2010 Le trille à grandes fleurs, du printemps à l'automne. Trillium grandiflorum de la primavera hasta el otoño. Large flowerwed trillim from spring to fall. |
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| White Trillium (Trillium grandiflorum) wvoutdoorman |
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About
Published on Mar 27, 2012 White Trillium (Trillium grandiflorum) |
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Visitor Sightings |
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Report a sighting of this plant. |
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| Nancy Falkum 9/18/2021 |
Location: Bald Eagle Bluff SNA Trillium grandiflorum and ginger |
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Luciearl |
Location: Fritz Loven Park, Lake Shore, Crow Wing County |
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MinnesotaSeasons.com Sightings |
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