(Puccinia coronata)
Conservation • Description • Habitat • Biology • Distribution • Taxonomy
Conservation Status |
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IUCN Red List | not listed |
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NatureServe | not listed |
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Minnesota | not listed |
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Description |
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Puccinia coronata is a fungus that affects wild and cultivated oats, barley, rye, and a number of other grasses. There are many varieties and all are species specific for their grass host but all use common buckthorn as their alternate host. The variety can only be distinguished on the grass host, and is identified by that host. Collectively they are referred to by the common name Crown Rust. Two well known varieties are Oat Crown Rust (Puccinia coronata var. avenae) and Barley Crown Rust (Puccinia coronata var. hordei). On infected grass plants it appears as light orange, pustule-like structures (uredinia) on the upper and lower leaf surfaces. It will occasionally also appear on leaf sheaths, culms (stems), the stalks of inflorescences (peduncles), and awns. The uredinia are the fruiting structures of the fungus. They are round to oval and up to On common buckthorn it first appears as swollen, yellowish-green spots on the upper leaf surfaces, leaf stalks (petioles), and twigs. Leaves and twigs are disfigured but the infection is not fatal to the plant. |
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Similar Species |
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Habitat and Hosts |
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Cultivated oat, barley, and rye; wild grasses including quackgrass, slender wheatgrass, western wheatgrass, foxtail barley, and several wheatgrasses and wild rye grasses; and common buckthorn |
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Biology |
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Season |
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Early May to September |
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Life Cycle |
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The life cycle of Crown Rust includes five stages and requires two host species to complete. The five stages are teleoispore, basidiospore, pycniospore, aeciospore, and urediospore. First stage: Winter spores (teliospores), also called resting spores, overwinter on the remnants of infected wild grasses and on the residue of infected agricultural grasses left in the field. Second stage: In the early spring, the teliospores germinate and produce summer spores (basidiospores). The basidiospores are wind blown up to a half mile. Some are eventually deposited on the upper leaf surface of young leaves of the alternate host, common buckthorn. Third stage: In early May, bright yellow spots appear on the upper leaf surface. Each spot contains flask-shaped reproductive structures (pycnia) below and breaking through the upper leaf surface (epidermis) of the leaf. The pycnium is an aerial vegetative body made up of cluster of branching, receptive filaments (hyphae). The pycnium releases spores (pycniospores) in a thick, sweet liquid which attracts insects. The pycniospores are carried by insects or splashed by rain to the receptive hyphae of another nearby pycnium. Fourth stage: The fertilized pycnia produces a raised, orangish-yellow “cluster-cup” (aecium) on the lower leaf surface. The aecium releases aeciospores which are carried on air currents. Fifth stage: Aeciospores that land on an alternate host develop into a another kind of spore-producing body (uredium). Within 7 to 10 days asexual spores (urediospores) are formed and released. The urediospores are carried by gravity or wind to other plants and other parts of the same host plant. Generation after generation of urediospores are produced throughout the growing season, continually reinfecting the plant or crop. At the end of the growing season teliospores are produced and the cycle begins again. |
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Distribution |
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Sources |
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6/9/2022 | ||||
Occurrence |
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Widespread. and very common |
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Taxonomy |
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Kingdom | Fungi (fungi) | ||
Subkingdom | Dikarya | ||
Phylum | Basidiomycota (club fungi) | ||
Subphylum | Pucciniomycotina | ||
Class | Pucciniomycetes | ||
Order |
Pucciniales (rust fungi) | ||
Suborder |
Uredinineae | ||
Family |
Pucciniaceae | ||
Genus |
Puccinia (orange-yellow rusts) | ||
Synonyms |
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Aecidium crassum Aecidium rhamni Puccinia calamagrostidis Puccinia coronata f. agrostidis Puccinia coronata f.sp. alopecuri Puccinia coronata f.sp. avenae Puccinia coronata f.sp. festucae Puccinia coronata f.sp. holci Puccinia coronata f.sp. lolii Puccinia coronata var. arrhenatheri Puccinia coronata var. calamagrostis Puccinia coronata var. festucae Puccinia coronata var. holci Puccinia coronata var. lolii Puccinia lolii Puccinia rhamni Solenodonta coronata |
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Common Names |
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Crown Rust |
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Glossary
Awn
A stiff, bristle-like appendage at the tip of the glume, lemma, or palea of grass florets.
Culm
The hollow or pithy stem of a grass, sedge, or rush.
Peduncle
In angiosperms, the stalk of a single flower or a flower cluster; in club mosses, the stalk of a strobilus or a group of strobili.
Sheath
The lower part of the leaf that surrounds the stalk.
Slideshows |
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Rez korunkatá - Puccinia coronata Jiří Laštůvka - Kudláček |
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About
Published on Jul 17, 2012 No description available. |
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Visitor Videos |
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Other Videos |
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Oat leaf infected by Puccinia coronata CUPlantPathPhotoLab |
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About
Published on Aug 17, 2012 We're looking at the surface of an oat leaf. The orange spots are developing masses of spores of the fungus Puccinia coronata, which causes Crown Rust. These rust-colored spores (urediniospores) become wind-borne and can cause new infections on oat leaves, and also a wide range of other grasses including barley. Not shown: the secret life of P. coronata on its alternate host, common buckthorn. The video was taken over 5 days and 18 hours in our lab. This rust can make a bazillion microscopic spores in that time. |
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