Minnesota Seasons


cleavers
Galium aparine

Family	Rubiaceae (Madder)
Nativity	Native
Status
Habitat	Moist. Woods. Shade.
Flowering	June to August
Flower Color	White
Height	Scrambling, 4″ to 40″ long

Identification	This is a 4″ to 40″ long, more or less scrambling, annual forb that rises on multiple stems from shallow roots. The stems are scrambling, slender, weak, 4-angled, hollow, and seldom much branched. The angles have short, stiff, hooked, downward-pointing hairs. The leaves are in stalkless and in whorls of usually 8, sometimes 6 or 7. The blades are linear or linear inversely lance-shaped, ⅜″ to 3″ long, and less than ⅓″ wide. They have a single prominent vein running from the base to the tip. There is an abrupt, short, sharp, firm point at the tip. The upper surface is rough with firm, stiff, hooked hairs. The lower surface has short, stiff, backward-pointing hairs on the midvein. The margins are untoothed and have short, stiff, backward-pointing hairs. The inflorescences are clusters of 3 to 5 flowers rising directly from upper leaf axils, and sometimes an elongated stalk that rises from an upper leaf axil and has several clusters. The flowers are about ⅛″ wide. They consist of 4 white petals with pointed tips, 4 sepals that are shorter than the petals, 4 short stamens, and 2 short, pale yellow styles. There are 2 carpels at the base of the flower. The carpels are joined together, green, and covered with stiff, hooked hairs. The fruit is a grayish-brown, ball-like carpel, joined in pairs, usually covered with hooked hairs, rarely hairless, containing 1 seed.

Similar Species	False baby’s breath (Galium molugo) also has leaves in whorls of 6 to 8. However, the stem, leaves, and carpels are hairless. The inflorescence has many flowers and is larger, highly branched, and showy. The flowers are larger. In Minnesota it has been recorded only in St. Louis County. Rough bedstraw (Galium asprellum) has many branches. The leaves on the stem are in whorls of 6, those on the branches in whorls of 4 or 5.

Range	Throughout

Sightings	Black Dog Nature Preserve SNA Carley State Park Clear Lake SNA Elm Creek Park Reserve Falls Creek SNA Holthe Prairie SNA Iron Horse Prairie SNA Lake Bronson State Park Lake Carlos State Park Lake Louise State Park Lake Maria State Park Lake Rebecca Park Reserve Lebanon Hills Regional Park Lost Valley Prairie SNA	Mound Prairie SNA Mound Spring Prairie SNA Murphy-Hanrehan Park Reserve Oronoco Prairie SNA Partch Woods SNA Pin Oak Prairie SNA Pine Bend Bluffs SNA River Terrace Prairie SNA Rushford Sand Barrens SNA St. Croix Savanna SNA Sibley State Park Wolsfeld Woods SNA Wood-Rill SNA

Comments	The hooked hairs on the leaves and stem grab onto (cleave to) clothing, bird feathers, and animal fur, giving this plant it’s common name.

Images	Click on an image for a larger view.



Synonyms	Galium agreste var. echinospermum Galium aparine var. echinospermum Galium aparine var. intermedium Galium aparine var. minor Galium aparine var. vaillantii Galium spurium var. echinospermum Galium spurium var. vaillantii Galium spurium var. vaillantii Galium vaillantii


Common Names	annual bedstraw bedstraw catch-weed bedstraw catchweed bedstraw cleavers cleaverwort goose grass goose-grass scarthgrass sticky-willy stickywilly white hedge

cleavers