Whitewater State Park

Overview
Photos
Slideshows
Videos
Observations



			Winona County
			Southeast Minnesota

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Size

2,733 acres statutory, 1,608 owned

Maps


All Season Map

Parking

N44 3.745, W92 2.677

Hiking Trails

10 miles
3 miles interpretive
2 miles handicapped accessible

Hunting

No hunting

Ecological Classification

Province

Eastern Broadleaf Forest Province

Section

Paleozoic Plateau

Subsection(s)

The Blufflands
Rochester Plateau

Land Type Association(s)

Elba Slopes

Lewiston Plain

Native Plant Communities¹

Algific Talus: Dolomite Subtype

Dry Bedrock Bluff Prairie (Southern)

Dry Limestone - Dolomite Cliff (Southern)

Elm - Basswood - Black Ash - (Blue Beech) Forest

Elm - Basswood - Black Ash - (Hackberry) Forest

Oak - Shagbark Hickory Woodland

Red Oak - Sugar Maple - Basswood - (Bitternut Hickory) Forest

Red Oak - White Oak Forest

Red Oak - White Oak - (Sugar Maple) Forest

Southern Dry Cliff

Southern Dry-Mesic Oak Forest

Southern Wet-Mesic Hardwood Forest

Sugar Maple - Basswood - (Bitternut Hickory) Forest

Sugar Maple - Basswood - Red Oak - (Blue Beech) Forest

White Pine - Oak - Sugar Maple Forest

Ownership

Links

Minnesota DNR

Comments

Visits

5/13/2001

3/29/2009

7/13/2009

5/17/2011

8/19/2014


Visitor Photos

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Wayne Rasmussen

Hiking the bluff here has been an adventure repeated many times since the 1950s. Truly a treasure of SE Minnesota.



MinnesotaSeasons.com Photos

Park Entrance


Elm - Basswood - Black Ash - (Hackberry) Forest


Oak - Shagbark Hickory Woodland


Red Oak - White Oak Forest


Red Oak - White Oak - (Sugar Maple) Forest


Other Prairie


Whitewater River, Middle Branch


Perennial Stream

Camera


Slideshows

	Hiking Club: Whitewater State Park, May 2016 Carey


	Whitewater Richard Sanders

	About No description

	Whitewater State Park Minnesota Chris Kratzke

	About Published on Feb 10, 2014 I created this video with the YouTube Slideshow Creator

	Whitewater State Park, Minnesota campsitephotosdotcom

	About Published on Oct 30, 2013 Favorite Sites: 1, 4, 6, 12, 17, 25, 27, 33, 35, 37, 42, 55, 59, 62, 65, 66, 67, 73, 86, 91, 93, 95, 97, 103

slideshow


Visitor Videos

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Other Videos

	Fall in Whitewater State Park Winona County Minnesota Steve M

	About Uploaded on Oct 14, 2009 Views from Whitewater State Park Fall of 2009 Southeast Minnesota Bluffs and river valleys. All photography was done with a Canon EOS 5D Mark II digital camera.

	Whitewater State Park - Part 1 HammockCampingGuy

	About Published on Aug 11, 2013 Day Hike on the Dakota Trail at Whitewater State Park in Southeastern MN. Great weather and a fun hike. I camped at Walk in campsite #2. Nice secluded site. It rained heavily starting at around 1am and never stopped until after I left. It made for a real muddy pack up and hike back to the car.

	Whitewater State Park - Part 2 HammockCampingGuy

	About Published on Aug 11, 2013 This video continues from the end of part 1 and finishes the rest of the hike and then a little gear talk at the campsite. I didn't film any in the next morning because it was pouring rain and extremely muddy with standing water all over the place!

Camcorder


Visitor Observations

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MinnesotaSeasons.com Observations

Amphibians	American toad (Anaxyrus americanus)

Birds	Seven bird species with conservation status in Minnesota and one tracked species have been seen here:
	Special concern	Acadian Flycatcher (Empidonax virescens) Bell’s Vireo (Vireo bellii) Cerulean Warbler (Setophaga cerulea) Louisiana Waterthrush (Parkesia motacilla) Northern Goshawk (Accipiter gentilis) Red-shouldered Hawk (Buteo lineatus)

	Tracked	Bald Eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus)

	Minnesota DNR Bird Checklist eBird Field Checklist

	American Crow (Corvus brachyrhynchos) American Robin (Turdus migratorius) Baltimore Oriole (Icterus galbula) Belted Kingfisher (Megaceryle alcyon) Black-capped Chickadee (Poecile atricapillus) Blue Jay (Cyanocitta cristata) Cedar Waxwing (Bombycilla cedrorum) Chipping Sparrow (Spizella passerina) Eastern Bluebird (Sialia sialis) Eastern Wood-peewee (Contopus virens) Field Sparrow (Spizella pusilla) Gray Catbird (Dumetella carolinensis) Indigo Bunting (Passerina cyanea) Northern Cardinal (Cardinalis cardinalis) Red-bellied Woodpecker (Melanerpes carolinus) Ruby-throated Hummingbird (Archilochus colubris) Turkey Vulture (Cathartes aura) White-breasted Nuthatch (Sitta carolinensis) Yellow Warbler (Setophaga petechia)

Centipedes and Millipedes	pill bug (Armadillidium vulgare)

Fungi and Lichens	Black Knot (Apiosporina morbosa) False Turkey Tail (Stereum ostrea) Lobster Mushroom (Hypomyces lactifluorum) Scarlet Cup (Sarcoscypha austriaca) Strict-branched Coral Fungus (Ramaria stricta) White False Death Cap (Amanita citrina var. alba) White Jelly Fungus (Ductifera pululahuana)

Insects and Arachnids	American dog tick (Dermacentor variabilis) cabbage white (Pieris rapae) Carolina grasshopper (Dissosteira carolina) giant swallowtail (Papilio cresphontes) goldenrod bunch gall midge (Rhopalomyia solidaginis) goldenrod gall fly (Eurosta solidaginis) grape leaf miner moth (Phyllocnistis vitifoliella) great spangled fritillary (Speyeria cybele) lime nail gall mite (Eriophyes tiliae) spongy oak apple gall wasp (Amphibolips confluenta) summer azure (Celastrina neglecta) white snakeroot leaf miner (Liriomyza eupatoriella)

Mammals	American red squirrel (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus) whitetail deer (Odocoileus virginianus)

Plants	A Native Wildflower Checklist and a Native Tree, Shrub, and Vine Checklist are available at the park office.

	Twelve plant species with conservation status in Minnesota and one species on the watch list are found here:
	Endangered	goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis) roundstem false foxglove (Agalinis gattingeri)

	Threatened	American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius) spreading sedge (Carex laxiculmis var. copulata) upland boneset (Eupatorium sessilifolium var. brittonianum)

	Special concern	creeping juniper (Juniperus horizontalis) large-fruited black snakeroot (Sanicula trifoliata) Oregon woodsia (Woodsia oregana ssp. cathcartiana) plains wild indigo (Baptisia bracteata var. leucophaea) twinleaf (Jeffersonia diphylla) Wolf’s bluegrass (Poa wolfii) yellow pimpernel (Taenidia integerrima)

	Watch list	woodland bluegrass (Poa sylvestris)

	Minnesota Biodiversity Atlas Plant List

	Plants frequently found in: Algific Talus: Dolomite Subtype CTs46a2 Dry Bedrock Bluff Prairie (Southern) UPs13c Dry Bedrock Bluff Prairie (Southern) UPs13c Elm - Basswood - Black Ash - (Blue Beech) Forest MHs49b Elm - Basswood - Black Ash - (Hackberry) Forest MHs49a Oak - Shagbark Hickory Woodland FDs38a Red Oak - Sugar Maple - Basswood - (Bitternut Hickory) Forest MHs38c Red Oak - White Oak Forest MHs37a Red Oak - White Oak - (Sugar Maple) Forest MHs37b Southern Dry Cliff CTs12 Southern Dry-Mesic Oak Forest MHs37 Southern Wet-Mesic Hardwood Forest MHs49 Sugar Maple - Basswood - (Bitternut Hickory) Forest MHs39a Sugar Maple - Basswood - Red Oak - (Blue Beech) Forest MHs39b White Pine - Oak - Sugar Maple Forest MHs38a

	Common Name Scientific Name alsike clover (Trifolium hybridum) American basswood (Tilia americana var. americana) American cow parsnip (Heracleum sphondylium ssp. montanum) American elderberry (Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis) American elm (Ulmus americana) American germander (Teucrium canadense) American hog peanut (Amphicarpaea bracteata var. comosa) American lopseed (Phryma leptostachya) American red raspberry (Rubus idaeus ssp. strigosus) American spikenard (Aralia racemosa ssp. racemosa) annual fleabane (Erigeron annuus) asparagus (Asparagus officinalis) big bluestem (Andropogon gerardii) bigleaf aster (Eurybia macrophylla) bigtooth aspen (Populus grandidentata) bishop’s cap (Mitella diphylla) bitternut hickory (Carya cordiformis) black bindweed (Fallopia convolvulus) black cherry (Prunus serotina var. serotina) black maple (Acer saccharum ssp. nigrum) black raspberry (Rubus occidentalis) black walnut (Juglans nigra) black-eyed Susan (Rudbeckia hirta var. pulcherrima) black-seeded plantain (Plantago rugelii var. rugelii) bland sweet cicely (Osmorhiza claytonii) bloodroot (Sanguinaria canadensis) blue cohosh (Caulophyllum thalictroides) Blue Ridge carrionflower (Smilax lasioneura) boxelder (Acer negundo var. negundo) bristly greenbrier (Smilax tamnoides) broadleaf enchanter’s nightshade (Circaea lutetiana ssp. canadensis) bull thistle (Cirsium vulgare) bur oak (Quercus macrocarpa var. macrocarpa) Canada mayflower (Maianthemum canadense) Canada moonseed (Menispermum canadense) Canada wildrye (Elymus canadensis) Canadian clearweed (Pilea pumila) Canadian honewort (Cryptotaenia canadensis) Canadian horseweed (Conyza canadensis) Canadian woodnettle (Laportea canadensis) candle anemone (Anemone cylindrica) chokecherry (Prunus virginiana var. virginiana) cleavers (Galium aparine) clustered black snakeroot (Sanicula odorata) common agrimony (Agrimonia gryposepala) common blue violet (Viola sororia) common blue wood aster (Symphyotrichum cordifolium) common buckthorn (Rhamnus cathartica) common burdock (Arctium minus) common cinquefoil (Potentilla simplex) common dandelion (Taraxacum officinale ssp. officinale) common dodder (Cuscuta gronovii) common false Solomon’s seal (Maianthemum racemosum var. racemosum) common juniper (Juniperus communis var. depressa) common milkweed (Asclepias syriaca) common motherwort (Leonurus cardiaca ssp. cardiaca) common mullein (Verbascum thapsus ssp. thapsus) common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia) common snowberry (Symphoricarpos albus var. albus) common yarrow (Achillea millefolium) crookedstem aster (Symphyotrichum prenanthoides) crown vetch (Securigera varia) cut-leaved coneflower (Rudbeckia laciniata var. laciniata) downy yellow violet (Viola pubescens var. pubescens) drooping trillium (Trillium flexipes) Dutchman’s breeches (Dicentra cucullaria) early figwort (Scrophularia lanceolata) early meadow rue (Thalictrum dioicum) eastern bottlebrush grass (Elymus hystrix) eastern redcedar (Juniperus virginiana var. virginiana) eastern white pine (Pinus strobus) elm-leaved goldenrod (Solidago ulmifolia var. ulmifolia) field thistle (Cirsium discolor) flowering spurge (Euphorbia corollata) foxtail barley (Hordeum jubatum ssp. jubatum) fragrant bedstraw (Galium triflorum) fringed brome (Bromus ciliatus) garlic mustard (Alliaria petiolata) giant chickweed (Myosoton aquaticum) giant goldenrod (Solidago gigantea) giant ragweed (Ambrosia trifida var. trifida) gray goldenrod (Solidago nemoralis ssp. nemoralis) gray-headed coneflower (Ratibida pinnata) Greek valerian (Polemonium reptans var. reptans) green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica) green foxtail (Setaria viridis var. viridis) grooved yellow flax (Linum sulcatum var. sulcatum) ground ivy (Glechoma hederacea) hairy goldenrod (Solidago hispida) hairy wood mint (Blephilia hirsuta var. hirsuta) harebell (Campanula rotundifolia) heal-all (Prunella vulgaris var. vulgaris) hedge bindweed (Calystegia sepium) Indiangrass (Sorghastrum nutans) Indianpipe (Monotropa uniflora) interrupted fern (Osmunda claytoniana) ironwood (Ostrya virginiana var. virginiana) jack-in-the-pulpit (Arisaema triphyllum) kidney-leaved buttercup (Ranunculus abortivus) large yellow lady’s slipper (Cypripedium parviflorum var. pubescens) large-flowered bellwort (Uvularia grandiflora) large-fruited black snakeroot (Sanicula trifoliata) late figwort (Scrophularia marilandica) late goldenrod (Solidago altissima) leadplant (Amorpha canescens) Maryland black snakeroot (Sanicula marilandica) May-apple (Podophyllum peltatum) Missouri gooseberry (Ribes missouriense) Morrow’s honeysuckle (Lonicera morrowii) musk thistle (Carduus nutans) narrow-leaved hawkweed (Hieracium umbellatum) northern bedstraw (Galium boreale) northern hackberry (Celtis occidentalis) northern lady fern (Athyrium filix-femina ssp. angustum) northern maidenhair (Adiantum pedatum) northern pin oak (Quercus ellipsoidalis) northern prickly ash (Zanthoxylum americanum) northern red oak (Quercus rubra) ostrich fern (Matteuccia struthiopteris var. pensylvanica) pagoda dogwood (Cornus alternifolia) pale touch-me-not (Impatiens pallida) paper birch (Betula papyrifera var. papyrifera) peachleaf willow (Salix amygdaloides) Pennsylvania smartweed (Persicaria pensylvanica) plains cottonwood (Populus deltoides ssp. molinifera) plantain-leaved pussytoes (Antennaria plantaginifolia) plumeless thistle (Carduus acanthoides) poke milkweed (Asclepias exaltata) prairie coreopsis (Coreopsis palmata) prairie fleabane (Erigeron strigosus) prairie goldenrod (Solidago ptarmicoides) prairie lettuce (Lactuca ludoviciana) prairie violet (Viola pedatifida var. pedatifida) prickly sow thistle (Sonchus asper) purple prairie clover (Dalea purpurea var. purpurea) purple-leaf willow herb (Epilobium coloratum) quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides) Queen Anne’s lace (Daucus carota ssp. carota) red baneberry (Actaea rubra ssp. rubra) red clover (Trifolium pratense) red elderberry (Sambucus racemosa var. racemosa) reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea) roadside agrimony (Agrimonia striata) rock elm (Ulmus thomasii) rough bedstraw (Galium asprellum) rough blazing star (Liatris aspera) round-leaved dogwood (Cornus rugosa) rue anemone (Thalictrum thalictroides) scouring rush horsetail (Equisetum hyemale var. affine) sharp-lobed hepatica (Anemone acutiloba) Siberian elm (Ulmus pumila) sideoats grama (Bouteloua curtipendula var. curtipendula) silver maple (Acer saccharinum) slender-leaf false foxglove (Agalinis tenuifolia) slippery elm (Ulmus rubra) smooth blue aster (Symphyotrichum laeve) smooth brome (Bromus inermis) smooth Solomon’s seal (Polygonatum biflorum var. commutatum) smooth sumac (Rhus glabra) spinulose wood fern (Dryopteris carthusiana) spotted lady’s thumb (Persicaria maculosa) spotted touch-me-not (Impatiens capensis) staghorn sumac (Rhus typhina) starry campion (Silene stellata) stiff sunflower (Helianthus pauciflorus ssp. subrhomboideus) stinging nettle (Urtica dioica ssp. gracilis) sugar maple (Acer saccharum ssp. saccharum) tall bellflower (Campanulastrum americanum) tall blue lettuce (Lactuca biennis) tall boneset (Eupatorium altissimum) tall thimbleweed (Anemone virginiana) three-lobe beggarticks (Bidens tripartita) timothy (Phleum pratense) upright carrionflower (Smilax ecirrhata) velvet-leaf (Abutilon theophrasti) Virginia stickseed (Hackelia virginiana) Virginia waterleaf (Hydrophyllum virginianum var. virginianum) western bracken fern (Pteridium aquilinum var. latiusculum) western poison ivy (Toxicodendron rydbergii) western sunflower (Helianthus occidentalis ssp. occidentalis) white avens (Geum canadense) white baneberry (Actaea pachypoda) white clover (Trifolium repens) white oak (Quercus alba) white prairie clover (Dalea candida var. candida) white rattlesnake root (Nabalus albus) white snakeroot (Ageratina altissima var. altissima) white trout lily (Erythronium albidum) white vervain (Verbena urticifolia) white-flowered leaf-cup (Polymnia canadensis) wild bergamot (Monarda fistulosa) wild blue phlox (Phlox divaricata ssp. laphamii) wild columbine (Aquilegia canadensis) wild cucumber (Echinocystis lobata) wild geranium (Geranium maculatum) wild ginger (Asarum canadense) wild grape (Vitis riparia) wild parsnip (Pastinaca sativa) wild sarsaparilla (Aralia nudicaulis) wild yam (Dioscorea villosa) woodbine (Parthenocissus vitacea) woodland strawberry (Fragaria vesca ssp. americana) yellow foxtail (Setaria pumila ssp. pumila) yellow goat’s beard (Tragopogon dubius) yellow marsh marigold (Caltha palustris var. palustris) yellow wood sorrel (Oxalis stricta) zigzag goldenrod (Solidago flexicaulis) Abutilon theophrasti (velvet-leaf) Acer negundo var. negundo (boxelder) Acer saccharinum (silver maple) Acer saccharum ssp. nigrum (black maple) Acer saccharum ssp. saccharum (sugar maple) Achillea millefolium (common yarrow) Actaea pachypoda (white baneberry) Actaea rubra ssp. rubra (red baneberry) Adiantum pedatum (northern maidenhair) Agalinis tenuifolia (slender-leaf false foxglove) Ageratina altissima var. altissima (white snakeroot) Agrimonia gryposepala (common agrimony) Agrimonia striata (roadside agrimony) Alliaria petiolata (garlic mustard) Ambrosia artemisiifolia (common ragweed) Ambrosia trifida var. trifida (giant ragweed) Amorpha canescens (leadplant) Amphicarpaea bracteata var. comosa (American hog peanut) Andropogon gerardii (big bluestem) Anemone acutiloba (sharp-lobed hepatica) Anemone cylindrica (candle anemone) Anemone virginiana (tall thimbleweed) Antennaria plantaginifolia (plantain-leaved pussytoes) Aquilegia canadensis (wild columbine) Aralia nudicaulis (wild sarsaparilla) Aralia racemosa ssp. racemosa (American spikenard) Arctium minus (common burdock) Arisaema triphyllum (jack-in-the-pulpit) Asarum canadense (wild ginger) Asclepias exaltata (poke milkweed) Asclepias syriaca (common milkweed) Asparagus officinalis (asparagus) Athyrium filix-femina ssp. angustum (northern lady fern) Betula papyrifera var. papyrifera (paper birch) Bidens tripartita (three-lobe beggarticks) Blephilia hirsuta var. hirsuta (hairy wood mint) Bouteloua curtipendula var. curtipendula (sideoats grama) Bromus ciliatus (fringed brome) Bromus inermis (smooth brome) Caltha palustris var. palustris (yellow marsh marigold) Calystegia sepium (hedge bindweed) Campanula rotundifolia (harebell) Campanulastrum americanum (tall bellflower) Carduus acanthoides (plumeless thistle) Carduus nutans (musk thistle) Carya cordiformis (bitternut hickory) Caulophyllum thalictroides (blue cohosh) Celtis occidentalis (northern hackberry) Circaea lutetiana ssp. canadensis (broadleaf enchanter’s nightshade) Cirsium discolor (field thistle) Cirsium vulgare (bull thistle) Conyza canadensis (Canadian horseweed) Coreopsis palmata (prairie coreopsis) Cornus alternifolia (pagoda dogwood) Cornus rugosa (round-leaved dogwood) Cryptotaenia canadensis (Canadian honewort) Cuscuta gronovii (common dodder) Cypripedium parviflorum var. pubescens (large yellow lady’s slipper) Dalea candida var. candida (white prairie clover) Dalea purpurea var. purpurea (purple prairie clover) Daucus carota ssp. carota (Queen Anne’s lace) Dicentra cucullaria (Dutchman’s breeches) Dioscorea villosa (wild yam) Dryopteris carthusiana (spinulose wood fern) Echinocystis lobata (wild cucumber) Elymus canadensis (Canada wildrye) Elymus hystrix (eastern bottlebrush grass) Epilobium coloratum (purple-leaf willow herb) Equisetum hyemale var. affine (scouring rush horsetail) Erigeron annuus (annual fleabane) Erigeron strigosus (prairie fleabane) Erythronium albidum (white trout lily) Eupatorium altissimum (tall boneset) Euphorbia corollata (flowering spurge) Eurybia macrophylla (bigleaf aster) Fallopia convolvulus (black bindweed) Fragaria vesca ssp. americana (woodland strawberry) Fraxinus pennsylvanica (green ash) Galium aparine (cleavers) Galium asprellum (rough bedstraw) Galium boreale (northern bedstraw) Galium triflorum (fragrant bedstraw) Geranium maculatum (wild geranium) Geum canadense (white avens) Glechoma hederacea (ground ivy) Hackelia virginiana (Virginia stickseed) Helianthus occidentalis ssp. occidentalis (western sunflower) Helianthus pauciflorus ssp. subrhomboideus (stiff sunflower) Heracleum sphondylium ssp. montanum (American cow parsnip) Hieracium umbellatum (narrow-leaved hawkweed) Hordeum jubatum ssp. jubatum (foxtail barley) Hydrophyllum virginianum var. virginianum (Virginia waterleaf) Impatiens capensis (spotted touch-me-not) Impatiens pallida (pale touch-me-not) Juglans nigra (black walnut) Juniperus communis var. depressa (common juniper) Juniperus virginiana var. virginiana (eastern redcedar) Lactuca biennis (tall blue lettuce) Lactuca ludoviciana (prairie lettuce) Laportea canadensis (Canadian woodnettle) Leonurus cardiaca ssp. cardiaca (common motherwort) Liatris aspera (rough blazing star) Linum sulcatum var. sulcatum (grooved yellow flax) Lonicera morrowii (Morrow’s honeysuckle) Maianthemum canadense (Canada mayflower) Maianthemum racemosum var. racemosum (common false Solomon’s seal) Matteuccia struthiopteris var. pensylvanica (ostrich fern) Menispermum canadense (Canada moonseed) Mitella diphylla (bishop’s cap) Monarda fistulosa (wild bergamot) Monotropa uniflora (Indianpipe) Myosoton aquaticum (giant chickweed) Nabalus albus (white rattlesnake root) Osmorhiza claytonii (bland sweet cicely) Osmunda claytoniana (interrupted fern) Ostrya virginiana var. virginiana (ironwood) Oxalis stricta (yellow wood sorrel) Parthenocissus vitacea (woodbine) Pastinaca sativa (wild parsnip) Persicaria maculosa (spotted lady’s thumb) Persicaria pensylvanica (Pennsylvania smartweed) Phalaris arundinacea (reed canary grass) Phleum pratense (timothy) Phlox divaricata ssp. laphamii (wild blue phlox) Phryma leptostachya (American lopseed) Pilea pumila (Canadian clearweed) Pinus strobus (eastern white pine) Plantago rugelii var. rugelii (black-seeded plantain) Podophyllum peltatum (May-apple) Polemonium reptans var. reptans (Greek valerian) Polygonatum biflorum var. commutatum (smooth Solomon’s seal) Polymnia canadensis (white-flowered leaf-cup) Populus deltoides ssp. molinifera (plains cottonwood) Populus grandidentata (bigtooth aspen) Populus tremuloides (quaking aspen) Potentilla simplex (common cinquefoil) Prunella vulgaris var. vulgaris (heal-all) Prunus serotina var. serotina (black cherry) Prunus virginiana var. virginiana (chokecherry) Pteridium aquilinum var. latiusculum (western bracken fern) Quercus alba (white oak) Quercus ellipsoidalis (northern pin oak) Quercus macrocarpa var. macrocarpa (bur oak) Quercus rubra (northern red oak) Ranunculus abortivus (kidney-leaved buttercup) Ratibida pinnata (gray-headed coneflower) Rhamnus cathartica (common buckthorn) Rhus glabra (smooth sumac) Rhus typhina (staghorn sumac) Ribes missouriense (Missouri gooseberry) Rubus idaeus ssp. strigosus (American red raspberry) Rubus occidentalis (black raspberry) Rudbeckia hirta var. pulcherrima (black-eyed Susan) Rudbeckia laciniata var. laciniata (cut-leaved coneflower) Salix amygdaloides (peachleaf willow) Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis (American elderberry) Sambucus racemosa var. racemosa (red elderberry) Sanguinaria canadensis (bloodroot) Sanicula marilandica (Maryland black snakeroot) Sanicula odorata (clustered black snakeroot) Sanicula trifoliata (large-fruited black snakeroot) Scrophularia lanceolata (early figwort) Scrophularia marilandica (late figwort) Securigera varia (crown vetch) Setaria pumila ssp. pumila (yellow foxtail) Setaria viridis var. viridis (green foxtail) Silene stellata (starry campion) Smilax ecirrhata (upright carrionflower) Smilax lasioneura (Blue Ridge carrionflower) Smilax tamnoides (bristly greenbrier) Solidago altissima (late goldenrod) Solidago flexicaulis (zigzag goldenrod) Solidago gigantea (giant goldenrod) Solidago hispida (hairy goldenrod) Solidago nemoralis ssp. nemoralis (gray goldenrod) Solidago ptarmicoides (prairie goldenrod) Solidago ulmifolia var. ulmifolia (elm-leaved goldenrod) Sonchus asper (prickly sow thistle) Sorghastrum nutans (Indiangrass) Symphoricarpos albus var. albus (common snowberry) Symphyotrichum cordifolium (common blue wood aster) Symphyotrichum laeve (smooth blue aster) Symphyotrichum prenanthoides (crookedstem aster) Taraxacum officinale ssp. officinale (common dandelion) Teucrium canadense (American germander) Thalictrum dioicum (early meadow rue) Thalictrum thalictroides (rue anemone) Tilia americana var. americana (American basswood) Toxicodendron rydbergii (western poison ivy) Tragopogon dubius (yellow goat’s beard) Trifolium hybridum (alsike clover) Trifolium pratense (red clover) Trifolium repens (white clover) Trillium flexipes (drooping trillium) Ulmus americana (American elm) Ulmus pumila (Siberian elm) Ulmus rubra (slippery elm) Ulmus thomasii (rock elm) Urtica dioica ssp. gracilis (stinging nettle) Uvularia grandiflora (large-flowered bellwort) Verbascum thapsus ssp. thapsus (common mullein) Verbena urticifolia (white vervain) Viola pedatifida var. pedatifida (prairie violet) Viola pubescens var. pubescens (downy yellow violet) Viola sororia (common blue violet) Vitis riparia (wild grape) Zanthoxylum americanum (northern prickly ash)