(Plantago rugelii var. rugelii)
Conservation • Wetland • Description • Habitat • Ecology • Use • Distribution • Taxonomy
Description |
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Black-seeded plantain is a 3″ to 12″ tall, erect, perennial forb that rises on a rosette of leaves and 1 or more flowering stalks (scapes) from fibrous roots. The leaves are all basal and form a rosette. They are broadly elliptic to broadly egg-shaped, 1½″ to 7″ long, and ⅝″ to 4⅓″ wide, 1.3 to usually 2 times as long as wide. They have 3 or more prominent veins that separate at the base and are parallel to the margins. They are abruptly contracted at the base to the leaf stalk. The leaf stalk is hairless and reddish, at least at the base. The margins are untoothed or irregularly toothed. The scapes are leafless and 2″ to 10″ tall. The inflorescence is an unbranched, cylindrical spike of tiny green flowers at the end of the scape. The spikes narrow, tapering, hairless, 2″ to 11¾″ tall, and less than ⅜″ wide. The flowers are 1 ⁄16″ to ⅛″ long. There are 4 green to white petals, 4 sepals, and 4 stamens. They are subtended by 1 ⁄16″ to ⅛″ long, keeled, lance-shaped to triangular, leaf-like bracts. Pollination is by wind. The fruit is a capsule containing 4 to 10 seeds. |
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Height |
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3″ to 12″ |
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Flower Color |
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Green to white |
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Similar Species |
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Common plantain (Plantago major) leaf stalks are entirely green, never reddish, even at the base. The bracts are egg-shaped. | ||
Habitat |
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Disturbed sites, gardens, lawns. |
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Ecology |
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Flowering |
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June to August |
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Pests and Diseases |
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Use |
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Distribution |
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Sources |
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2/20/2023 | ||||
Nativity |
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Native |
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Occurrence |
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Taxonomy |
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Kingdom | Plantae (green algae and land plants) | ||
Subkingdom | Viridiplantae (green plants) | ||
Infrakingdom | Streptophyta (land plants and green algae) | ||
Superdivision | Embryophyta (land plants) | ||
Division | Tracheophyta (vascular plants) | ||
Subdivision | Spermatophytina (seed plants) / Angiospermae (flowering plants) | ||
Class | Magnoliopsida (flowering plants) | ||
Superorder | Asteranae | ||
Order |
Lamiales (mints, plantains, olives, and allies) | ||
Family |
Plantaginaceae (plantain) | ||
Tribe | Plantagineae | ||
Genus | Plantago (plantains) | ||
Subgenus | Plantago | ||
Species | Plantago rugelii (American plantain) | ||
Synonyms |
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Common Names |
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American plantain black-seed plantain black-seeded plantain blackseed plantain Rugel’s plantain |
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Glossary
Bract
Modified leaf at the base of a flower stalk, flower cluster, or inflorescence.
Keeled
Folded, as in a grass blade, or with a raised ridge, as in a grass sheath; like the keel of a boat.
Scape
An erect, leafless stalk growing from the rootstock and supporting a flower or a flower cluster.
Sepal
An outer floral leaf, usually green but sometimes colored, at the base of a flower.
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Plant |
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Reddish Leaf Stalks |
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MinnesotaSeasons.com Sightings |
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Avon Hills Forest SNA, North Unit Badoura Jack Pine Woodland SNA Bertram Chain of Lakes Regional Park Carpenter St. Croix Valley Nature Center Carver Highlands WMA, South Unit Charles A. Lindbergh State Park Clifton E. French Regional Park Felton Prairie SNA, Bicentennial Unit Forestville/Mystery Cave State Park Itasca Wilderness Sanctuary SNA John Peter Hoffman Spring Brook Valley WMA Margherita Preserve-Audubon Prairie Minnesota Valley NWR, Chaska Unit Minnesota Valley NWR, Rapids Lake Unit Minnesota Valley NWR, Wilkie Unit Minnesota Valley State Recreation Area, Lawrence Unit Nerstrand Big Woods State Park Prairie Creek WMA, Koester Prairie Unit Robert Ney Memorial Park Reserve Sand Prairie Wildlife Management and Environmental Education Area Stanley Eddy Memorial Park Reserve |
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